$Id: cases.html 654 2019-01-10 22:55:00Z doctor $

Medical Case Study

Interesting Cases


Femoral Neck Fracture, ORIF: interlocking nail fixation.

#specialtyContentdate
A001Transplant surgery Kidney Transplant 2017
A002Transplant surgery Liver Transplant 2017
A003Cardiac surgery Heart Transplant 2017/10/23
A004Neurosurgery Dept Explant of Oragns from a Brain Dead Patient: heart and others 2018
A021Gyn/Obs Cesarian Section 2017
A022Gyn/Obs Vaginal Delivary 2017
A101Gyn/Obs IVF: invitro-Fertilization 2018/03/09
A102Psychiatry ECT: ElctroConvlusion Therapy 2018/03/12
A103Ophthalmology Fundo-scope(Retina) 2018/03/14
A104Psychiatry Psychiatric Closed(Locked) Ward 2018/03/
B101Pediatrics CDH: Congenital Diagmatic Hernia 2018/02/
B102Ophthalmology RB: RetinoBlastoma 2018/03/12
B103Ophthalmology Congenital Cataract 2018/03/12
B104Neurosurgery ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage 2018/03/25
B105Neurosurgery MCA aneurythm and SAH 2018/03/25
B106Neurosurgery Frontal Meningioma 2018/03/26
B107Neurosurgery Functional Neurosurgery: Cluster Headache 2018/03/26
B108Neurosurgery Baclofen_pump for paraplagia 2018/03/26
B109Gyn/Obs Conization of Cervix 2018/03/28
A105Neurology Holter EEG 2018/03/26
R101Psychiatry/Neurology Research: EEG change in psychiatric diseases1 2018/03/15
R102Psychiatry/Neurology Research: EEG change in psychiatric diseases2 2018/03/27
A106Gyn/Obs Abortion 20th week. 2018/03/28
A107Gyn/Obs Abortion 10th week. 2018/03/28
B110Radiology ICP Elevation: melanoma, parafocal edema, midline shift. 2018/03/31
A10XRadiology Bullet in the brain. 2018/05/01
A108Neurosurgery,Trauma Epi-Dural Hematoma 2018/03/18
B111Neurosurgery,Trauma Brain Abscess(Subdural hematoma) 2018/03/18
B112Trauma Femoral Neck Fracture 2018/04/21
A109National Ambulance Service Car accident and Death after CPR 2018/11/16
B113Trauma ACL rupture 2018/12/18
A110Urology, TMU Da Vinci Surgical Robot 2018/12/24
B114Trauma Mallet Finger 2019/01/09
A111Pharmacy, TMU Optivo: PD-1 inhibitor 2018/01/10
Examples:
  1. Category A: Major. Interesting for medical students and laymen, too.
    1. Heart TransplantationOct 23rd, 2017

    2. Immediately after revival of the heart; ischemic signs(ST elevation) due to three-hour long ischemic time, non-pulsating BP by CPB(cardio-pulmonary bypass).
    3. IVF: In-Vitro Fertilization Mar 9th, 2018.

    4. left oocyte(egg), from right: sperm(inside the pippet inserted)

    5. ECT: ElctroConvlusion Therapy Mar 12th, 2018.

    6. ECT device

      two electrodes

    7. Fundo-scope(Retina) March 14, 2018

      This is a very healthy normal retina from one of our students.
      Optic disk, cup-disk ratio, macula, vessels, all healthy.
      thick vessels are vein, and the other are artery.
    8. Psychiatric Closed(Locked) Ward

      Psychiatric Closed Ward. Patients can not leave because the door is locked.
  2. Category B: Intermediate. Interesting for medical students. (laymen never heard of it)
    1. CDH: Congenital Diagmatic Hernia

      Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.
      Defect in Left Upper Corner. (it is rare becasuse Usually defect is seen posteriorly.)
      photo is permitted by the doctor.
    2. RB: RetinoBlastoma March 12, 2018

      Red Reflex in pupil (normal) (Leukokoria is the sign)
      note: pupil was dilated by mydriatics.
    3. Congenital Cataract March 12, 2018

      This is after IOL(intra-Ocular Lens) implantation.
      See the capsule was opened and the oval-shaped edge is clearly visible.
      Also lens is, thus, crystal clear now.
  3. Category C: Minor. relatively minor cases
  4. Category R: Minor. Research
  5. Diary
    1. 20180316(Fri): Neurosurgery Department @ Amerikai utca.
      1. Spinal surgery: Disectomy. Microscopic surgery.
        Lumbar disk hernia, L5/S1. Left side. 31 male.
      2. Spinal Surgery: Disectomy. Microscopic surgery.
        Lumbar disk hernia, L5/S1. Right side. Assisted by me. nucleus pulposus extracted as a bulk. (a big chunk.)
      3. VP shunt tube replacement: (hydrocephalus). previous
      4. VP shunt tube replacement: to Atrium (Originally in Peritoneum)
      5. Explantation! (of kidney, liver, heart). Brain dead. 40s lady.
    Neurosurgery. 
    Trigeminal Neuralgia. 
      Needle Ablation. 
      Needle was inserted from orbit!
      Fluroscope guided to trigeminal ganglia.
      Radiofrequency ablation.
    
    20180323(Fri): Traumatology. Fiumei utca.
     1. Cullen Fracture.
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    20180323(Fri): Obstetrics. 
    Neonetal Care. 
    A. The 3rd day of the life:
      1. BCG. Every baby. in the upper arm.
         **intracutaneously.** make a swelling on the skin.
    
      2. Serum Bilirubin, if jaundice is suspected.
         physiologic jaundice usually happens in day 3 or 4.
         So earlier jaundice could be pathologic.
    
         ** Blood taken from veins on the sculp **
    
      3. Antibiotics: Oral. Amoxicilin and gentamycin.
         if infectious risk is higher.
           eg. mother is GBS+.
               earlier Rupture of membrane. 12 hours earlier than delivary.
    
    B. Day 2
      1. Hearing. ABR: Auditory Brainstem Response.
    
    C. Day 1.
      1. Eye. congenital cataract, retinoblastoma. by Red Reflex
      2. monitor general condition. 
      2. body temp.
      3. glucose.
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    20180322(Thu): Traumatology. Fiumei utca.
    Operating Theater:
      1. Hip Replacement Complication. Abscess. Assisted by me.
      2. SupraCondylar Fracture. Pediatrics.
         Fixated by K-Wire.
      3. Femoral Neck Fracture. Non-displaced. X-ray negative.
         34 male, prizoner.
         Fixed by plate; two long screws go to neck. 5 screws go to shaft.
      4. fiblotibial syndesmosis rupture.
         fixated by two long screw. 3 cortex: two fibla, one tibia.
         15 mins operation. general anesthesia.
    Shock room:
      1. 2 year old child. head trauma. dropped in the Boiler?
    
    Amblance:
      1. facial minor trauma. middle-aged man.
         complex wrist fractures by X-ray.
      2. femoral neck fracture. old lady.
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    20180308(Thu): Iridotomy by laser for close angle glaucoma.
      1. 1st pt. make a hole at 11 oclock. 
      2. 2nd pt. 1 oclock
      anesthesia. (eye drop). dark room.
      slitlamp-like machine with laser function.
    
    20180314(Wed): Research MRI anslysis for ADHD,  schizophrenia.
     motion recoginition: sup temporal sulcus
       dots motion recognition: human joints or random.
     inhibition: anterior cyngulate gyrus.
       press button on view of pictures. some are disgustinng.
       if the same picutre are shown consecutively you will not push the botton.
       Otherwise push button. Inhibitory test!
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    20180317(Sat): Ophthalmology Out-Patient. 
    1. Foreign Body. Left eye. Metal Piece <1mm on the cornea.
       Ocupational injury. Tearing a lot.
       Removed assisted by slit-lamp
    
    2. Acute glaucoma: Unilateral Right.
       Red injection. 
       Slit lamp: narrow anterior chamber.
    
    3. Hyphema. Trauma patient. somebody hits him on the right eye.
       Big bruise. Other wise normal.
    
    4. endoophthalmitis. 83 years old female.
       sent from Gery(famous for wine) by ambulance car.
       Pus flowing down from her right eye.
       Left had been enuculated.
       Swollen and Red.
       endoophthalmitis+scleramalasia+cornea malasia.
       Ultrasound shows vitrous body is filled with pus.
    
    5. Chlamydia suspected. 2 months long conjuctivitis.
    
    6. Uveitis (anterior)
       DDx criteria: 
        1. cell in anterior chamber. missed it! Gabor said he found it! sepecific!
        2. photophobia.
        3. injection: non-specific
    
    Others: good to know.
    Adenovirus conjuctivitis: caruncle also becomes red. specific!
    
    Conjuctivitis: Pharmacotherapy.
    1. Tobramycin(aminoglycoside)
    2. levoflaxicin, moxiflaxicin, ciproflaxicin(fluroquinolones)
    
    SF6(Sulfo-hexo-fluoride) Vitrous body: Gas filling by 
    
    Gleek use is much more common in ophthalmology than other specialty.
     Genio: angle in gleek. genu! 
     Rubiosis: Redness = neovascularization.
     Genio-Rubiosis: 1 type of glaucoma. iris neovasculization(DM) -> schlemm cannal close->glaucoma. 
     keratitis: <-> cornea(latin)
     irido-cyclitis.
    
    3 types of Retinal Detachment.
     1. Rhegatatogen: retina tear <- fluid in sub retinal space. 
     2. Traction <- DM. retracted via direct connection.
     3. Inflammation.(edema)
    
    Injection=red eyes.: can be caused by 3 layers.
     1. conjuctiva   e.g conjuctivitis.
     2. episclera
     3. sclera.
    
    Opthalmologic Emergency.
    1. Acute glaucoma
    2. keratitis
    3. CRAO/CRVO: central retinal artery/vein Occlusion.
    4. 
    
    aphakia: no lens.
    anisometropia: VA diff in eyes.
    applation tonomety: measure ICP. on slitlamp.
    cycloplegics: cyclopetolate.
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    20180318(Sun) Neurosurgery, Traumatology
    1. Epidural hematoma: assisted by me.
    
    2. Subdural hematoma: turned out to be pus, abscess: assisted by me.
    
    3. vertebro-platy: compression fracture.
        local anasthesia. Patient feels pain during the operation.
       bone cement injection to vertebral body.
       aimed by metal tube (similar way with Stdinger techniquie).
       Fluoroscope. 
       Vertebral body was reached through the pedincle(neck of transverse process).
       
    
    

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